![]() ![]() Due to the disruption caused by the English Civil War, he was never formally invested with the Honors of the Principality of Wales.Ĭharles FitzRoy, Duke of Cleveland and SouthamptonĬharles Lennox, Duke of Richmond and Lennoxĭuring the 1640s, when the Prince of Wales was still young, his father Charles I fought Parliamentary and Puritan forces in the English Civil War. At birth, he automatically became (as the eldest surviving son of the Sovereign) Duke of Cornwall and Duke of Rothesay shortly after his birth, he was crowned Prince of Wales. Early LifeĬharles, the eldest surviving son of Charles I of England and Henrietta Maria of France, was born Charles Stuart in St. As a consequence of this, Charles's reign was racked by political factions and intrigue, and it was at this time that the Whig and Tory political parties first developed.Ĭharles presented with the first pineapple grown in England (1675 painting by Hendrik Danckerts). The principal conflicts of his reign revolved around a number of interlinked issues in domestic and foreign policy, most of which were related to the conflict between Protestants and Catholics then raging across Europe. Unlike his father's policy, however, this policy did not lead to widespread popular opposition, as he avoided the imposition of any new taxes, thanks in part to money he received as a result of his close relationship with the French king, Louis XIV. He was only able to achieve true success toward the end of his reign, by dispensing with Parliament and ruling alone. Much like his father, Charles II struggled for most of his life in his relations with Parliament, although the tensions between the two never reached the same levels of hostility. His coronation in England would not be until after Cromwell's death and the monarchy's restoration in May 1660 Charles spent most of the intervening time exiled in France. However, his reign there was short lived as he was soon driven out by the republican armies, led by Oliver Cromwell. It took two years of negotiation with the Presbyterians before he was finally crowned King of Scots in Scone on January 1, 1651. In Scotland Charles was for some time king in title only. He was immediately proclaimed king in Scotland on February 5 and Jersey on February 16, 1649, but was also recognized in a few British colonies (especially the Colony and Dominion of Virginia). His father was executed on January 30, 1649, making him in theory King Charles II from that moment. The exact date that Charles became king is vague due to the uncertain political situation of the time. He was popularly known as the "Merry Monarch" in reference to the liveliness and hedonism of his court. In 1660, shortly after Cromwell's death, the monarchy was restored under Charles II. ![]() His father Charles I had been executed in 1649, following the English Civil War the monarchy was then abolished and England, and subsequently Scotland and Ireland, became a united republic under Oliver Cromwell, the Lord Protector (see Commonwealth of England and The Protectorate), albeit with Scotland and Ireland under military occupation and de facto martial law. (de jure king from January 30, 1649–May 29, 1660)Ĭharles II (– February 6, 1685) was the King of England, King of Scots, and King of Ireland from Janu(de jure) or (de facto) until his death. King of Scots, King of England, and King of Ireland ![]()
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